Useful Commands in Ubuntu

Useful commands for Ubuntu:

Privileges

    sudo command - run command as root
    sudo su – change to root shell session
    sudo su user – change to user shell session
    sudo -k – forget your sudo password for current shell session
    gksudo command – run command as root, password prompt using GNOME interface
    kdesudo command – run command as root, password prompt using KDE interface
    sudo visudo – edit users who can run sudo commands (file: /etc/sudoers)
    gksudo nautilus – run Nautilus file manager as root (GNOME)
    kdesudo konqueror – root Konqueror file manager as root (KDE)
    passwd – change your password

Networking

    ifconfig – displays network information
    iwconfig – displays network information for wireless
    sudo iwlist scan – scan wireless networks
    sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart – reset the network
    (file) /etc/network/interfaces – manual configuration
    ifup interface – bring up the interface
    ifdown interface – bring down the interface

Display

    sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart – reset X (Gnome)*
    sudo /etc/init.d/kdm restart – reset X (KDE)*
    (file) /etc/X11/xorg.conf – show Configuration
    sudo dpkg-reconfigure -reconfigure xserver-xorg-phigh - reset configuration X
    Ctrl+Alt+Bksp – X display reset if frozen*
    Ctrl+Alt+FN – switch to tty N
    Ctrl+Alt+F7 – switch back to X display
*will force log-out the current user

Service System

    start service – service to start work (Upstart)*
    stop service – service to stop working (Upstart)*
    status service – check if service is running (Upstart)*
    /etc/init.d/service start – start service (SysV)**
    /etc/init.d/service stop – stop service (SysV)**
    /etc/init.d/service status – check service (SysV)**
    /etc/init.d/service restart – reset service (SysV)**
    runlevel – get current runlevel
*supported only in new Ubuntu systems
**supported in old & new Ubuntu systems

Firewall

    ufw enable – turn on the firewall
    ufw disable – turn off the firewall
    ufw default allow – allow all connections by default
    ufw default deny – drop all connections by default
    ufw status – current rules and
    ufw allow port – to allow traffic on port
    ufw deny port – port block
    ufw deny from ip – ip block

System

    lsb_release -a – get the version of Ubuntu
    uname -r – get kernel version
    uname -a – get all the information kernel

Package Manager

    apt-get update – refresh updates available
    apt-get upgrade – update all packages
    apt-get dist-upgrade – version update
    apt-get install pkg – installing pkg
    apt-get remove pkg – uninstall pkg
    apt-get autoremove – removing packages obsotletos
    apt-get -f install – try to fix packages
    dpkg –configure -a – try to fix a broken package
    dpkg -i pkg.deb – install file pkg.deb
    (file) /etc/apt/sources.list – list of repositories APT

Special Packages

    ubuntu-desktop – Setting the standard Ubuntu
    kubuntu-desktop – KDE Desktop
    xubuntu-desktop – desktop XFCE
    ubuntu-minimal – core earnings Ubuntu
    ubuntu-standard – the standard utilities Ubuntu
    ubuntu-restricted-extras – not free, but useful
    kubuntu-restricted-extras – ditto KDE
    xubuntu-restricted-extras – ditto XFCE
    build-essential – packages used to compile
    linux-image-generic – latest generic kernel image
    linux-headers-generic – latest headlines

Posted by Posted by Ariff Abdullah , on at 10:48 • Labels: geek, L, linux, ubuntu